稻田土壤上控释氮肥的氮素利用率与硝态氮的淋溶损失

在稻田土壤上对水稻的高量施用氮肥常常造成硝态氮(NO3--N)淋溶损失和肥料氮利用率低下的问题。本研究采用土壤渗漏器、微区和田间小区试验,研究了15N标记控释氮肥在稻田土壤上的氮素利用率和硝态氮的淋溶损失。在两年早稻种植期间,一次性全量作基肥施用控释氮肥与尿素分二次施用的相比,两年的早稻产量分别平均提高7.7%和11.6%。在N90 kg hm-2用量下,由差值法测得的肥料氮利用率,按平均计,控释氮肥的N利用率(平均76.3%)比尿素分次施用的(平均37.4%)高出38.9%1。5N同位素法测得的控释氮肥的N利用率(平均67.1%)比尿素分次施用的(平均31.2%)高出35.9%。在早稻种植季节,施用尿素和控释氮肥的NO3--N淋失量分别为9.19 kg hm-2和6.7 kg hm-2,占施尿素N和控释氮肥氮的10.2%和7.4%。控释氮肥的氮淋失量比尿素分2次施用的降低27.1%。本研究结果表明,在稻田土壤上施用控释氮肥能减少氮的淋失量,提高氮素利用率和水稻产量。     

青海露地白菜新品种品比试验

本实验对引进28个白菜新品种进行夏秋季露地栽培品比试验,从地上部生长特性和产量等方面进行测定和比较研究.结果表明：“北京新2号”的株高、开展度和净菜率最大,“北京新1号”的最大叶长和叶宽最大,“京春黄”的单株毛重、单株净重和产量最大.“京春娃娃菜”的平均单株净重最小,产量也最低,但其风味特别好,可作为本地高端市场或特菜种植.综合性状和产量表现较好的品种还有“胜春黄”、“北京新1号”、“黄心大白菜”、“四季春”、“高冷地”和“津秀一号”.     

Repression of SFRP5 promoter activity by hepatitis B virus X protein

AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanism that hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) inhibits the promoter activity of secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5). METHODS: Serial truncated fragments of SFRP5 promoter were amplified and cloned into luciferase reporter vector pGL3-Basic. LO2 cells were transfected with recombinants, and then infected with the adenoviral vector expressing HBx protein (Ad-HBx) or the analogous adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP) for control. The infection efficiency was examined under a fluorescence microscope and the activity of SFRP5 promoter was measured by luciferase assay. RESULTS: Truncated fragments of SFRP5 promoter were successfully constructed. Compared with the pGL3-Basic control, the luciferase activity was 6.32±0.04 of the -478 bp~+47 bp fragment, 5.79±0.32 of the -811 bp~+47 bp fragment, 3.59±0.34 of the -1 235 bp~+47 bp fragment, 3.86±0.39 of the -1 677 bp~+47 bp fragment and 3.26±0.42 of the -2 072 bp~+47 bp fragment, respectively. Overexpression of HBx inhibited the activity of SFRP5 promoter. The average inhibitory rates were 44% for -478 bp~+47b, 46% for -811 bp~+47 bp, 28% for -1 235 bp~+47 bp, 24% for -1 677 bp~+47 bp and 40% for -2 072 bp~+47 bp, respectively. CONCLUSION: HBx suppresses the activity of SFRP5 promoter, leading to down-regulation of SFRP5 expression.     

牛乳溶菌酶概述及应用

溶菌酶又称胞壁质酶,广泛存在于自然界的动物、植物及微生物中。具有抗菌消炎、抗病毒、增强免疫力以及促进组织修复等生物学特性。并且应用于食品、饲料、医学及生物工程之中。针对目前临床中,对于奶牛乳房炎广泛大量使用抗生素,并且存在耐药性、药物残留等现象。重组溶菌酶质粒可以作为基因工程药物替代抗生素对乳房炎的防治,并且安全、无残留、无副作用。同时也还有待于进一步的研发和推广。     

Characterization of MicroRNA* Species in Peking Duck Skin

A substantial fraction of miRNA* species are conserved in animals and can repress activities of target genes. This study aims to investigate the miRNA* species in duck skin by using Solexa sequencing. We obtained a total of 96 miRNA* species in two skin small RNA libraries and identified 56 miRNA/miRNA* (miR/miR*) pairs. Nucleotide bias of miRNA* indicated that the priority was C>A>U>G for the first nucleotide and U>C>A>G for the last nucleotide. Comparison analyses showed that 3′-U accounted for a higher proportion in the 56 miR/miR* pairs. Among the top 20 expressed miRNA* species, 17 were shared by two libraries and most of the miRNA* species were highly conservative, especially in the “seed region”. miR-199a* were expressed highly in our samples, which was also previously shown abundant in mouse hair follicle. Furthermore, four miRNA* species were predicted to target their genes in signal pathways of feather follicle development and feather morphogenesis despite very low levels.     

不同萝卜品种的抗氧化性研究

通过在碱性介质中,抗氧化性物质能强烈地抑制鲁米诺—NaClO的化学发光,利用流动注射技术,建立了一种评价不同种类萝卜总体抗氧化活性大小的方法。结果表明:在最优的条件下,萝卜的抗氧化活性能力依次为:心里美萝卜广州白萝卜普通白萝卜。     

日本大耳白兔TLR3部分cDNA克隆及mRNA在组织中的分布

采用RT—PCR技术从日本大耳白兔的脾脏组织克隆出兔的Toll样受体基因3（命名为。TLR3），并对其mRNA在兔的17种组织中的分布情况进行了检测。结果显示，RTLR3核苷酸序列与GenBank中登载的穴兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）TLR3序列（登录号：NM_001082219）相似性为100％；兔的胸腺、脾脏、睾丸等14种组织中检测出TLR3 mRNA的转录产物，而在骨骼、胃和皮肤中未能发现。推导的氨基酸序列同源性比对表明，兔TLR3与人、野猪、牛、猫、褐鼠等动物的同源性最高，为80％-85％；与原鸡同源性次之，为61％；与草鱼、绿河豚等同源性在45％～48％之间；系统进化树分析表明，兔TLR3与马的亲缘关系最接近，与猪、人／绵羊、牛、猩猩／猫的亲缘关系依次渐远，与鼠的亲缘关系最远。可见，TLR3在不同种属动物及不同组织中所起的作用具有生物多样性。     

子叶节区理论在牛蒡根的发育解剖学上的应用

按照子叶节区理论对牛蒡的幼苗和根的初生维管系统进行了解剖学研究。结果表明:牛蒡幼苗的子叶节区类型为顶枝伸长型,存在一个子叶节区—茎连接区和短的子叶节区—根过渡区。子叶节区下部的中柱类型为中始式双扇形,其根的药用部分主要由子叶节区中、下部发育而来。牛蒡初生根木质部为二原型,无髓。根的周皮内有一圈分泌腔,分泌腔起源于木栓形成层。     

Study on tissue culture technique of Sansevieria trifasciata var.hamii

虎尾兰(Sansevieria trifasciata var.harnii是龙舌兰科虎尾兰属植物,不但具有观赏价值,还有较高的营养价值,并且有净化空气的功效.为了在短时间内获得大量的虎尾兰植株,以短叶虎尾兰的叶片为外植体进行组织培养试验,采用组织培养育苗方法,建立从愈伤组织到再生植株的培养体系.结果表明,基本培养基为MS；诱导愈伤的最佳PGR浓度配比为1 mg·L-1 6-BA+ 0.5 mg·L-1NAA+0.5 mg·L-1 2,4-D；诱导芽的最佳PGR浓度配比为1 mg· L-1 6-BA+ 0.8 mg·L-1 NAA；诱导生根的最佳PGR浓度为0.1 mg·L-1NAA.